This Briefing Paper provides an overview of the state of competition in different mobile money markets and points to the secular trend of low-level of competition across jurisdictions despite different growth trajectories of mobile money markets. It goes on to discuss the policy and practice distortions to competition in different jurisdictions and possible impact of low competition on consumers, agents, regulators and other stakeholders. It concludes with possible measures to improve competition, such as competition impact assessment, periodic review of regulations, and sector neutral competition policy to address capacity concerns and implementation bottlenecks